One of the most commonly used processes in industrial wastewater treatment is the Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) process. Anaerobic treatment systems are used in the stabilization of treatment sludge formed in biological and physicochemical treatments, as well as in the treatment of industrial and domestic liquid wastes with or without suspended solids.
There are gases such as Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 ) Methane ( CH4 ),Hydrogen Sulfide ( H₂S ) in the bio gas. The calorific value of CH4 gas is 10.000 kcal / m3. The calorific value of bio gas is 500-6000 kcal/m3. This product can be converted into electrical energy by burning in bio gas generators. H₂S gas,on the other hand, needs to be removed before converting bio-gas into electrical energy.
Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge reactors have 3-phase(gas-liquid-solid) multiple separators in the upper zone. These separators provide the most efficient separation of gas and liquid. There is a distribution structure in the lower compartment of the tank. The wastewater from this distribution structure enters the highly concentrated granular mud blanket.
The bacteria concentration decreases towards the 3-phase separator section of the tank and the blanket layer becomes thinner. The presence of a mud blanket and gas-liquid separator provides Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge reactor a compact design opportunity and the benefit of working at high organic pollution loads.
UASB type anaerobic reactors are designed and operated with an organic pollution load of 10 kg COD / m3 worldwide.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Ability to operate with a high organic pollution load compared to other desister
- Better sludge stabilization and lower sludge amount, as it is operated with a high sludge concentration
- It is more tolerant to shock loads
Disdvantages
- Long commissioning process (Granular bacteria are difficult to form).
- A more sensitive operation should be carried out to protect the bacteria granulation and process. The need for qualified personnel is higher than other anaerobic processes.
Example of Anaerobic Treatment for Paper – Pulp Industry
Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge reactor which has chosen for Mondi Tire Kutsan A.Ş.is an anaerobic wastewater treatment technology based on anaerobic bacteria forming a mud blanket in granular sludge form.
Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Plant Revision ,
10.000 m3/day, 5.700 mgCOD/L Bio gas Production by Anaerobic Reactor installation, Sludge structures and other modernization works. Ground Investigation , Design , Construction, Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing , Start Up.
